學冷戰呢個課題，必定要學嘅例子
「八一九事件」同蘇聯解體，以致冷戰結束有著重大的關係
好多時係分析冷戰結束的原因時，都有機會會用到
所以同學記得要學啦 :D
🚩 歷史．今天 History．Today
1991年8月19日 19 August 1991
八一九事件(蘇聯)
The August coup (the Soviet Union)
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戈巴卓夫[戈巴契夫]於1985年成為蘇聯的領導人。然而，戈巴卓夫在政治及經濟方面推行的改革均導致了國內傳統派的不滿，加上東歐的變天和華沙公約的瓦解，已經令原有的衛星國脫離蘇聯的控制。至1991年8月，戈巴卓夫更計劃給予加盟共和國擁有全部的自治權力。結果，傳統派希望藉政變奪回戈巴卓夫的權力。
Gorbachev became the leader of the USSR in 1985. However, his political and economic reforms led to strong discontent among the traditional within the country. Together with the democratic movements in Eastern Europe and dissolution of the Warsaw Pact, the satellite states controlled by the USSR originally started to get rid of its control. In August 1991, Gorbachev even planned to grant autonomy to those republics that were under the USSR. Eventually, traditionalists hoped to gain back power from Gorbachev by means of coup.
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於8月19日，傳統派發動政變，解除戈巴卓夫的職務，並將戈巴卓夫軟禁於克里米亞。同時，宣佈國家進入緊急狀態，並派軍隊進入莫斯科。
On August 19, the traditional initiated the coup, eliminating all the posts and power of Gorbachev. Also, he was under house arrest in Crimea. At the same time, the country was declared to be in a state of emergency and the military was allocated to enter Moscow.
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但激進派分子葉利欽[葉爾辛]譴責政變，並號召人民和軍隊反擊，結果成功結束了傳統派發動的政變，使事件於8月21日落幕。
Some radicals like Yeltsin condemned the coup, thus calling for the people and army to re-attack. In the end, the radicals succeeded in ending the coup launched by the traditional. The incident ended on August 21.
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於「八一九事件」後，戈巴卓夫於8月24日辭去了蘇共總書記一職，並提出解散蘇聯共產黨的要求。往後，原蘇聯的各個加盟共和國紛紛宣布獨立，使蘇聯瓦解。
After the August coup, Gorbachev resigned his post as the General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union and made a demand for dissolving the Communist Party of the USSR. Later, the republics that were originally under the Soviet Union declared independence respectively. The USSR was finally dissolved.
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Provided by: Cyruz Ho
Translated by: Edward Lee
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